The assumptions about cheap energy and the way of life that was based on them were suddenly threatened. The manager's task is to be a mentor and stimulator who responds alertly to signals.ġ951 – 1975: the rise of the open system modelĭuring this period the economy had to deal with a massive blow from the oil embargo. Studies such as the famous Hawthorne study provided evidence for the need to pay more attention to the impact of relationships and informal processes on the performance of groups of people.
Managers discovered that the rational goal model and the internal process models were not as effective as they had been in the past.
The trade unions, which had become an important force, focused on the level of wages and ensured that American workers constantly took home more money. A number of fundamental changes in the structure of society gradually emerged. Two very important events took place during this period: the stock market crash of 1929 and the Second World War. The manager's task is to be a structured supervisor and coordinator.ġ926 – 1950: the rise of the human relations model The climate within the organisation is hierarchical, and all decisions reflect the existing rules, structures and traditions. The second model, the internal process model, places the emphasis on processes such as the description of responsibilities, measurements, documentation and keeping records. The manager's task is to be a firm director and producer. The goal - resources theory underlying this approach is based on the conviction that clear leadership produces productive results. The first two management models were created.įirstly the rational goal model: productivity and profit are the ultimate criteria for the effectiveness of the organisation.
This period was characterised by the rise of great individual industrial leaders: Henry Ford, Frederick Taylor. The first 25 years of this century was a period of vigorous growth and progress, leading to great affluence. Quinn's competing values framework Essence of four management modelsįour important management models have been developed since the start of the 20th century.ġ900 – 1925: The rise of the rational goal model and the internal process models
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